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HSK 6 Grammatik
Alle 49 Grammatikpunkte, die der offizielle HSK 3.0 Lehrplan auf Stufe 6 prüft, mit Funktion und Beispiel.
Grammatik
| Punkt | Kategorie | Was er leistet |
|---|---|---|
| 类前缀“超-、多-、反-、无-、亚-、准-” | Word parts语素 | Productive prefixes; 超- = super-, ultra-.这家店专卖超低价的日用品。This shop specializes in ultra-low-priced daily goods. |
| 类后缀“-化、-式、-型、-性” | Word parts语素 | Productive suffixes; -化 = -ize/-ification.近几年，农村的生活越来越现代化了。In recent years, rural life has become more and more modernized. |
| 人称代词“人家” | Word classes词类 | 人家: others / that person / I (coy self-reference).人家都开始复习了，你还在玩。Everyone else has started reviewing, and you are still playing. |
| 名量词“串、滴、枝、扇、卷” | Word classes词类 | Level-6 nominal measure words; 串 = a string/bunch of.他买了一串葡萄和两串香蕉。He bought a bunch of grapes and two bunches of bananas. |
| 动量词“番” | Word classes词类 | Verbal measure word 番: a round/bout of effortful action.经过一番努力，他终于考上了大学。After a good deal of effort, he finally got into university. |
| 程度副词“特、异常、较为” | Word classes词类 | Degree adverbs; 异常 = unusually, exceptionally.听到这个消息，他显得异常激动。On hearing the news, he seemed unusually agitated. |
| 范围副词“净、一同、大都” | Word classes词类 | Scope adverbs; 净 = nothing but, only.你怎么净说些让人生气的话？Why do you say nothing but infuriating things? |
| 时间副词“一时、不时、仍旧、依旧、一向” | Word classes词类 | Time adverbs; 依旧 = still, as before.十年过去了，小镇依旧那么安静。Ten years on, the small town is as quiet as ever. |
| 频率副词“一再、再三” | Word classes词类 | Frequency adverbs; 再三 = again and again, repeatedly.出门前，妈妈再三提醒我带伞。Before I left, Mom reminded me again and again to take an umbrella. |
| 方式副词“不禁、赶忙、特地、特意、偷偷” | Word classes词类 | Manner adverbs; 不禁 = cannot help but.看到儿时的照片，她不禁笑了。Seeing her childhood photos, she could not help smiling. |
| 否定副词“未必” | Word classes词类 | 未必: not necessarily.贵的东西未必就是好的。Expensive things are not necessarily good. |
| 语气副词“恰好、倒是、干脆、明明、总算” | Word classes词类 | Tone adverbs; 明明 = clearly, obviously (contradicting).你明明知道答案，为什么不说？You clearly know the answer - why not say it? |
| 介词“于”（引出时间、处所） | Word classes词类 | Formal preposition 于: at/in/on (time or place).这座大桥建于上个世纪五十年代。This bridge was built in the 1950s. |
| 介词“至于”（引出对象） | Word classes词类 | 至于: as for, as to (shifting topic).我先报名，至于去不去，以后再说。I will sign up first; as for whether I go, we will see later. |
| 介词“因”（引出目的、原因） | Word classes词类 | Formal preposition 因: because of, due to.航班因大雾推迟了两个小时。The flight was delayed two hours due to heavy fog. |
| 介词“除”（表示排除） | Word classes词类 | 除 (…外/之外): except for, apart from.除周末外，他每天都去健身房。Except on weekends, he goes to the gym every day. |
| 连词“不料”（连接分句或句子） | Word classes词类 | 不料: unexpectedly, who would have thought.我以为他会答应，不料他一口拒绝了。I thought he would agree; unexpectedly, he refused outright. |
| 结构助词“所” | Word classes词类 | Structural particle 所 before a verb forming a nominal: that which is V-ed.他所说的一切后来都得到了证实。Everything he said was later confirmed. |
| 语气助词“啦、嘛” | Word classes词类 | Sentence-final particles; 嘛 marks obviousness or mild urging.有意见就直接提嘛，别放在心里。If you have objections, just raise them - don’t keep them inside. |
| 其他助词“也好” | Word classes词类 | X也好，Y也好: whether X or Y, it makes no difference.同意也好，反对也好，请先听我说完。Whether you agree or object, please hear me out first. |
| 四字格“A这A那”A这A那 | Phrases短语 | V这V那: fussily doing the action to this and that.她买衣服总是挑这挑那，半天定不下来。When buying clothes she picks at this and that and cannot decide for ages. |
| 四字格“左A右B”左A右B | Phrases短语 | 左A右B: doing the action repeatedly from all sides, e.g. 左思右想.他左思右想，还是觉得这事不对劲。He turned it over and over in his mind and still felt something was off. |
| 固定短语“好（不）容易” | Phrases短语 | 好（不）容易: only with great difficulty (both forms mean the same).我排了两个小时队，好不容易才买到票。I queued for two hours and finally managed to buy a ticket. |
| 固定短语“那倒（也）是” | Phrases短语 | 那倒（也）是: “that’s true, actually” - conceding a point.“坐高铁比开车快多了。”“那倒是。”“Taking the high-speed train is much faster than driving.” “That’s true.” |
| 固定短语“算了” | Phrases短语 | 算了: forget it, let it go.他不愿意去就算了，咱们别勉强。If he does not want to go, forget it - let’s not force him. |
| 固定短语“得了” | Phrases短语 | Sentence-final 得了: just do X and be done with it.别纠结了，就买这件得了。Stop agonizing - just buy this one and be done with it. |
| A一+量词，B一+量词A一+量词，B一+量词 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | One from A, one from B - many people chiming in by turns.会上大家你一句，我一句，讨论得十分热烈。At the meeting everyone chimed in one after another, and the discussion was lively. |
| 东一A，西一A东一A，西一A | Fixed expressions固定格式 | One here, one there - scattered in disorder.屋里衣服东一件，西一件，乱得下不去脚。Clothes lay scattered here and there in the room; there was nowhere to step. |
| 到……为止到……为止 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Up until …; ending at ….到目前为止，报名的人已经超过一百了。Up to now, more than a hundred people have signed up. |
| X到Y头上来了X到Y头上来了 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | The trouble/action has come down on Y’s head.他居然把主意打到我头上来了。He actually set his sights on me. |
| 不X不……，一X……不X不……，一X…… | Fixed expressions固定格式 | You don’t know until you X - and when you do, it’s a shock.不看不知道，一看吓一跳，这个月竟花了一万块。I had no idea until I looked - and what a shock: ten thousand yuan spent this month. |
| 好你个X好你个X | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Why, you …! - mock-angry exclamation at someone.好你个小张，偷偷把我的零食吃光了！Why, you little Zhang - you secretly ate up all my snacks! |
| 早（也）不X，晚（也）不X早（也）不X，晚（也）不X | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Of all times, it had to happen right now.电梯早不坏，晚不坏，偏偏上班时坏了。The elevator did not break earlier or later - it had to break right at rush hour. |
| 看/瞧+把+宾语（施事）+X得看/瞧+把+宾语+X得 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Look how X-ed you are! - teasing comment on someone’s state.瞧把你高兴得，不就是赢了一盘棋吗？Look how pleased you are - it was only one game of chess! |
| 放着X不Y放着X不Y | Fixed expressions固定格式 | To leave the obvious good option X aside and not do Y with it.放着近路不走，你偏要绕远。With a shortcut right there, you insist on going the long way. |
| X了就X了，（没）有……X了就X了，（没）有…… | Fixed expressions固定格式 | What’s done is done - no use dwelling on it.杯子碎了就碎了，没有什么大不了的。The cup is broken - so be it; it is no big deal. |
| 这/那也不X，那/这也不Y这/那也不X，那/这也不Y | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Unhappy with this and that alike - impossible to please.他这也不吃，那也不吃，真难伺候。He will not eat this and will not eat that - so hard to please. |
| X归X，Y归YX归X，Y归Y | Fixed expressions固定格式 | X is one thing, Y is another - keep them separate.工作归工作，生活归生活，得分开。Work is work and life is life - they must be kept apart. |
| 看你X的/瞧他X的看你X的/瞧他X的 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Look at you, all X! - teasing or deflecting remark.看你急的，先坐下喝口水慢慢说。Look how worked up you are - sit down, have some water, and tell me slowly. |
| 程度补语“动词/形容词+透+了”动词/形容词+透+了 | Parts of the sentence句子成分 | V/Adj + 透了: thoroughly, to the utmost (usually negative).连着加了一个星期班，他烦透了。After a whole week of overtime, he was utterly fed up. |
| “把”字句4主语（非生物体）+把+宾语+动词+其他成分；主语+把+宾语（施事）+动词+其他成分 | Special sentence patterns特殊句型 | 把-sentence with an inanimate subject, or whose object is the agent of the result.一场大风把院子里的花全刮倒了。A strong wind blew down all the flowers in the yard. |
| 并列复句“一时……一时……”一时……一时…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Now …, now … - alternating states.山里的天气一时晴，一时雨，说变就变。The mountain weather is now sunny, now rainy - it changes in an instant. |
| 选择复句“要么……，要么……”要么……，要么…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Either … or … (exclusive choice).周末他要么在家看书，要么去郊外爬山。On weekends he either reads at home or hikes in the outskirts. |
| 转折复句“虽……，但/可/却/也……”虽……，但/可/却/也…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Although … (written 虽), yet ….房间虽小，却收拾得干净整齐。Though the room is small, it is kept clean and tidy. |
| 条件复句“凡是……，都……”凡是……，都…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | All that … invariably ….凡是他答应过的事，都会做到。Whatever he has promised, he will do. |
| 条件复句“除非……，才……”除非……，才…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Only if … will ….除非亲眼看见，他才肯相信。Only if he sees it with his own eyes will he believe it. |
| 条件复句“除非……，否则/不然……”除非……，否则/不然…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Unless …, otherwise ….除非提前预订，否则周末根本没有位子。Unless you book ahead, there are simply no seats on weekends. |
| 让步复句“就算……，也……”就算……，也…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Even if …, still ….就算再忙，也要按时吃饭。Even at your busiest, you should still eat on time. |
| 目的复句“……，以便……”……，以便…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | … so as to, in order to (facilitate) ….请留下电话号码，以便我们及时联系您。Please leave your phone number so that we can contact you promptly. |
Quelle: das offizielle 考试大纲 zu HSK 3.0 vom November 2025.
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