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HSK 5 语法

HSK 3.0 官方大纲在第 5 级考查的全部 64 个语法点，每一条都写明作用并配一个例句。

语法
HSK 5 语法
语法点类别作用（英文）
后缀“-头”Word parts语素Noun suffix -头 forming everyday nouns (石头, 木头, 念头).他捡起一块石头扔进了河里。He picked up a stone and threw it into the river.
指示代词“彼此、如此、本”Word classes词类Demonstrative pronouns: 彼此 (each other), 如此 (so/like this), 本 (this/one’s own).老朋友之间应该彼此信任。Old friends should trust each other.
名量词“册、朵、届、颗、匹、行、架、群、支、根、批、束、副、集、周”Word classes词类Level-5 nominal measure words such as 颗 for small round things.天上有几颗星星特别亮。A few stars in the sky are especially bright.
动量词“眼”Word classes词类Verbal measure word 眼: a glance (看一眼).他回头看了我一眼，什么也没说。He turned and gave me a glance without saying anything.
程度副词“过于、相当、较、可、格外、极其”Word classes词类Degree adverbs; 格外 = especially, exceptionally.下过雨后，空气格外新鲜。After the rain, the air is especially fresh.
时间副词“时刻、曾经、立刻、连忙、始终、早已、即将、急忙、渐渐、尽快、早晚”Word classes词类Time adverbs; 曾经 marks a past experience: once, at some time.我曾经在上海住过三年。I once lived in Shanghai for three years.
频率副词“老是、通常、时常”Word classes词类Frequency adverbs; 老是 = always, again and again (often complaining).他上课老是迟到，老师很生气。He is always late for class, and the teacher is angry.
方式副词“尽量、亲自”Word classes词类Manner adverbs; 亲自 = in person, personally.这件事经理要亲自处理。The manager wants to handle this matter personally.
关联副词“便、一旦”Word classes词类Linking adverbs; 便 = then, thereupon (written equivalent of 就).他说完便转身离开了。As soon as he finished speaking, he turned and left.
情态副词“似乎、仿佛”Word classes词类Modal adverbs; 似乎 = it seems, apparently.他似乎不太愿意谈这件事。He seems unwilling to talk about this matter.
语气副词“毕竟、居然、反正、根本、果然、简直、绝对、的确、反而、白、刚好、可”Word classes词类Tone adverbs; 居然 = unexpectedly, to one’s surprise.他居然忘了自己的生日。He actually forgot his own birthday.
介词“自从”（引出时间、处所）Word classes词类Preposition 自从: ever since (a past starting point).自从搬到北京，我们很少见面了。Since moving to Beijing, we rarely see each other.
介词“朝、沿（着）”（引出方向、路径）Word classes词类Prepositions of direction/path; 朝 = toward.他朝我挥了挥手。He waved his hand at me.
介词“替、同、较”（引出对象）Word classes词类Object-introducing prepositions; 替 = for, on behalf of.你放心去吧，我替你照顾小狗。Go without worry; I will look after the puppy for you.
介词“凭、据、依据”（引出凭借、依据）Word classes词类Prepositions of basis; 凭 = on the basis of, by virtue of.凭这张票可以免费进入公园。With this ticket you can enter the park for free.
连词“以及、同”（连接词或词组）Word classes词类Conjunctions joining words/phrases; 以及 = as well as.会议讨论了价格、质量以及服务问题。The meeting discussed price, quality, as well as service issues.
连词“从而、可见、假如、总之”（连接分句或句子）Word classes词类Clause-linking conjunctions; 总之 = in short, anyway.总之，这次活动办得很成功。In short, this event was a great success.
助词“似的”Word classes词类Particle 似的 after a noun/phrase: like, as if.他高兴得像个孩子似的。He is as happy as a child.
四字格“A来A去”A来A去Phrases短语V来V去: doing the action back and forth, over and over.我想来想去，还是决定留下来。After thinking it over and over, I decided to stay after all.
四字格“A着A着”A着A着Phrases短语V着V着: while doing something, another change happens.她说着说着就哭了。As she was talking, she started to cry.
四字格“没A没B”没A没BPhrases短语没A没B: emphatic negation, e.g. 没完没了 = endless.他一说起足球就没完没了。Once he starts talking about football, he goes on endlessly.
四字格“说A就A”说A就APhrases短语说A就A: doing something right away, without hesitation.他说走就走，谁也拦不住。When he says he is leaving, he leaves at once; no one can stop him.
固定短语“不得了”Phrases短语不得了: terrible / extraordinary; also exclamation of alarm.不得了了，火车马上就要开了！Oh no, the train is about to leave!
固定短语“用不着”Phrases短语用不着: there is no need to.这点小事，用不着麻烦别人。For such a small matter, there is no need to trouble others.
从……来看从……来看Fixed expressions固定格式Judging from …, from the perspective of ….从结果来看，我们的方法是对的。Judging from the result, our method was right.
A的A，B的BA的A，B的BFixed expressions固定格式Some doing A, others doing B - everyone busy in their own way.晚会上，大家唱歌的唱歌，跳舞的跳舞。At the party, some were singing and some were dancing.
（自）……以来（自）……以来Fixed expressions固定格式Since … (up to now).自开学以来，他一次课都没缺过。Since the semester started, he has not missed a single class.
由……组成由……组成Fixed expressions固定格式To be made up of, composed of ….我们班由三十个学生组成。Our class is made up of thirty students.
X也不是，Y也不是X也不是，Y也不是Fixed expressions固定格式Neither X nor Y feels right - caught in an awkward dilemma.他站在门口，进也不是，退也不是。He stood at the door - going in felt wrong, and so did backing out.
X也X不得，Y也Y不得X也X不得，Y也Y不得Fixed expressions固定格式Can neither do X nor do Y - nothing is permissible.这孩子被惯坏了，说也说不得，碰也碰不得。The child is spoiled - you can neither scold him nor touch him.
X是它，Y也是它X是它，Y也是它Fixed expressions固定格式It does X and it does Y too - one thing serves every purpose.查资料是它，付钱也是它，手机什么都能做。It looks things up and it pays the bills - the phone does everything.
X着也是X着X着也是X着Fixed expressions固定格式Since it is idle anyway, might as well put it to use.闲着也是闲着，我们把房间打扫一下吧。We are idle anyway - let’s clean the room.
不管怎样说不管怎样说Fixed expressions固定格式No matter what one says; in any case.不管怎样说，他都是你的亲弟弟。No matter what, he is still your own younger brother.
真有你/他/她的真有你/他/她的Fixed expressions固定格式You really are something! - admiring (or teasing) praise.这么难的比赛你都赢了，真有你的！You even won such a difficult match - you really are something!
X什么XX什么XFixed expressions固定格式V什么V: impatient rebuke - stop doing X!哭什么哭，问题总能解决的。Stop crying - the problem can always be solved.
什么X不X（的）什么X不X（的）Fixed expressions固定格式什么X不X的: dismissing a concern as irrelevant.什么贵不贵的，你喜欢就买。Never mind whether it is expensive - if you like it, buy it.
不X白不X不X白不XFixed expressions固定格式If you don’t do X, it goes to waste - might as well do it.这些水果是免费的，不吃白不吃。This fruit is free - not eating it would be a waste.
X来X去，都是/就是……X来X去，都是/就是……Fixed expressions固定格式After going back and forth, it always comes down to ….大家说来说去，都是那几个老问题。After all the back and forth, it was still the same old problems.
动词+什么（就）是什么动词+什么（就）是什么Fixed expressions固定格式Whatever one V-s counts - that person/thing decides.这家小店没有菜单，老板做什么就是什么。This little shop has no menu - whatever the owner cooks is what you get.
多项状语时间+处所+方式……+动词Parts of the sentence句子成分Ordering multiple adverbials: time before place before manner.他昨天在图书馆认真地复习了一天。Yesterday he reviewed earnestly in the library all day.
可能补语“动词+得/不得”动词+得/不得Parts of the sentence句子成分V不得: the action must not / cannot be done.学习是慢功夫，急不得。Learning takes time; you must not rush it.
程度补语“形容词/心理动词+得+不得了”形容词/心理动词+得+不得了Parts of the sentence句子成分Adj/psych-verb + 得不得了: to an extreme degree.听说能去旅游，孩子们高兴得不得了。Hearing they could go traveling, the children were overjoyed.
趋向补语的引申用法（下来/下去/起来/过来/过去）动词/形容词+下来/下去/起来/过来/过去Parts of the sentence句子成分Directional complements extended to states, e.g. 下来 = settling into a state.老师进来后，教室里安静下来。After the teacher came in, the classroom quieted down.
状态补语“动词/形容词+得+短语”动词/形容词+得+动词短语/主谓短语/固定短语Parts of the sentence句子成分V/Adj + 得 + phrase describing the resulting state.他忙得连饭都忘了吃。He was so busy that he even forgot to eat.
“有”字句3主语+有+着+宾语；主语+动词+有+宾语Special sentence patterns特殊句型有着 expressing possession/existence with emphasis; V+有 for attachment.这座城市有着一千多年的历史。This city has a history of more than a thousand years.
“把”字句3主语+把+宾语+一+动词；主语+把+宾语1+动词+宾语2Special sentence patterns特殊句型把-sentence with 一+V for abrupt action, or with a second object.他把书包一放，就跑出去玩了。He plunked down his schoolbag and ran out to play.
连动句3动词短语1+动词短语2（因果/转折/条件关系）Special sentence patterns特殊句型Serial-verb sentence where the two verb phrases are linked by cause, contrast or condition.大家听了这个笑话都笑了。Everyone laughed on hearing this joke.
比较句4A+形容词+B+数量补语Special sentence patterns特殊句型Comparison without 比: A Adj B by amount, e.g. 大我三岁.姐姐大我三岁，从小就照顾我。My older sister is three years older than me and has looked after me since childhood.
被动句3主语+被/叫/让+宾语+给+动词+其他成分Special sentence patterns特殊句型Passive with 被/叫/让 … 给 before the verb.我的自行车叫弟弟给骑走了。My bike was ridden off by my younger brother.
承接复句“……，便……”……，便……Multi-clause sentences复句Sequential clauses linked by 便 (then).他下了课，便急急忙忙赶回家了。As soon as class ended, he hurried home.
选择复句“或是……，或是……”或是……，或是……Multi-clause sentences复句Alternative clauses: either … or ….周末他或是看书，或是去爬山。On weekends he either reads or goes hiking.
假设复句“一旦……，就……”一旦……，就……Multi-clause sentences复句Once … happens, then ….一旦下定决心，就不要轻易放弃。Once you have made up your mind, do not give up lightly.
假设复句“假如……，（就）……”假如……，（就）……Multi-clause sentences复句If … (hypothetical), then ….假如明天不下雨，我们就去公园。If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.
假设复句“万一……，（就）……”万一……，（就）……Multi-clause sentences复句In case … (unlikely bad event), then ….万一路上堵车，你就打车来吧。In case there is a traffic jam, just take a taxi.
假设复句“……，要不然/不然……”……，要不然/不然……Multi-clause sentences复句… otherwise ….快点儿出发吧，要不然就赶不上火车了。Let’s set off quickly, otherwise we will miss the train.
因果复句“……，因而……”……，因而……Multi-clause sentences复句… and as a result / therefore ….他平时练习很多，因而进步很快。He practices a lot, and therefore improves quickly.
因果复句“……，可见……”……，可见……Multi-clause sentences复句… from which one can see that ….他连周末都在学习，可见有多努力。He studies even on weekends - you can see how hard-working he is.
让步复句“哪怕……，也……”哪怕……，也……Multi-clause sentences复句Even if …, still ….哪怕只有一点儿希望，我们也要努力。Even if there is only a little hope, we must still try hard.
递进复句“不但不/不但没有……，反而……”不但不/不但没有……，反而……Multi-clause sentences复句Not only not …, but on the contrary ….吃了药，病不但没有好，反而更重了。After taking the medicine, the illness not only did not improve but got worse.
递进复句“不是……，还/还是……”不是……，还/还是……Multi-clause sentences复句Instead of …, (even) went further and ….他不是来帮忙，还给大家添了不少麻烦。Instead of coming to help, he caused everyone a lot of trouble.
目的复句“……，为的是……”……，为的是……Multi-clause sentences复句… for the purpose of ….他每天早起跑步，为的是身体健康。He gets up early to run every day for the sake of his health.
紧缩复句“没有……就没有……”没有……就没有……Multi-clause sentences复句Without … there would be no ….没有大家的帮助，就没有我今天的成绩。Without everyone’s help, I would not have today’s results.
紧缩复句“不……不……”不……不……Multi-clause sentences复句Condensed conditional: if not …, then not ….他不做完作业不睡觉。He will not sleep until he finishes his homework.
紧缩复句“再……也……”再……也……Multi-clause sentences复句No matter how …, still ….天气再热，他也不开空调。No matter how hot it gets, he still will not turn on the air conditioner.

来源：HSK 3.0 官方《考试大纲》，2025 年 11 月发布。

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