{
  "name": "HSK 7–9 grammar syllabus",
  "source": "The official HSK 3.0 考试大纲, published November 2025.",
  "compiledBy": "Gushi — https://gushi-chinese.online/",
  "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
  "attribution": "HSK 7–9 grammar syllabus by Gushi (https://gushi-chinese.online/hsk-3.0/grammar/7), CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "page": "https://gushi-chinese.online/hsk-3.0/grammar/7",
  "sources": {
    "lists": "The word, character and grammar lists: the official HSK 3.0 考试大纲, published November 2025. Facts out of a published document.",
    "meanings": "The English meanings: adapted from CC-CEDICT (https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=cc-cedict), CC BY-SA 4.0. This is why this data is share-alike.",
    "examples": "The example sentences: largely from the Tatoeba Project (https://tatoeba.org), CC BY 2.0 FR, plus sentences written for Gushi.",
    "compilation": "The selection, the pinyin, the tone numbers, the sense ordering and the checking: Gushi."
  },
  "audioNote": "Free to play from gushi-chinese.online. NOT covered by this licence: the recordings are synthesised speech and are not ours to relicense as a corpus.",
  "updated": "2026-08-31",
  "kind": "grammar",
  "level": 7,
  "count": 96,
  "fields": {
    "level": "HSK 3.0 level, 1 to 9.",
    "point": "The grammar point as the syllabus names it.",
    "pattern": "The pattern the syllabus prints beside the point, where it prints one.",
    "categoryChinese": "The syllabus category, in Chinese.",
    "categoryEnglish": "The same category in English.",
    "explanation": "What the point does, in one sentence.",
    "exampleChinese": "Example sentence in simplified Chinese.",
    "exampleEnglish": "The example sentence in English."
  },
  "data": [
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "类前缀\"后-、亲-\"",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "语素",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word parts",
      "explanation": "Prefix-like morphemes: 后- \"post-\" (后疫情) and 亲- \"pro-\" (亲环境) coin new nouns and adjectives.",
      "exampleChinese": "后疫情时代，远程办公已成为常态。",
      "exampleEnglish": "In the post-pandemic era, remote work has become the norm."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "类后缀\"-观、-鬼、-界、-然、-坛、-为、-制\"",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "语素",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word parts",
      "explanation": "Suffix-like morphemes productively form abstract nouns: 价值观, 学术界, 体坛, 终身制, 胆小鬼.",
      "exampleChinese": "这一发现震动了整个学术界。",
      "exampleEnglish": "This discovery shook the entire academic world."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "动词\"恨不得/巴不得\"",
      "pattern": "恨不得/巴不得+动词短语",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Expresses an intense, often unrealizable eagerness: \"to itch to, to wish one could\".",
      "exampleChinese": "他恨不得立刻飞回家乡看望母亲。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He wished he could fly home at once to see his mother."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "动词\"免不了/犯不着/犯得着\"",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "免不了 \"cannot avoid\"; 犯不着/犯得着 \"not worth / worth the trouble of\".",
      "exampleChinese": "为这点小事生气，实在犯不着。",
      "exampleEnglish": "It is really not worth getting angry over such a trifle."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "动词\"并非\"",
      "pattern": "并非+名词/小句",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Formal emphatic negation: \"is by no means, is not at all\".",
      "exampleChinese": "成功并非偶然，而是长期积累的结果。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Success is by no means accidental; it is the fruit of long accumulation."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "动词\"可谓\"",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Formal evaluative verb: \"may well be called, can be described as\".",
      "exampleChinese": "这场演出可谓精彩绝伦。",
      "exampleEnglish": "This performance can well be called spectacular."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "动词\"所谓\"",
      "pattern": "所谓（的）+名词",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "\"So-called\": quotes or distances the speaker from a label.",
      "exampleChinese": "那些所谓的捷径往往暗藏风险。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Those so-called shortcuts often conceal risks."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "动词\"有所\"",
      "pattern": "有所+双音节动词",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Formal \"to some extent\": 有所 + bisyllabic verb marks measured change.",
      "exampleChinese": "与去年相比，公司业绩有所增长。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Compared with last year, company performance has grown somewhat."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "动词\"予以\"",
      "pattern": "予以+双音节动词",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Formal \"to give, to grant (a treatment)\": common in official writing.",
      "exampleChinese": "对违规行为，监管部门将予以处罚。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Regulators will impose penalties on violations."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "动词\"可否\"",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Formal \"whether or not it is possible\", often in polite requests.",
      "exampleChinese": "可否请您再详细说明一下？",
      "exampleEnglish": "Might I ask you to explain in a little more detail?"
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "动词\"除外\"",
      "pattern": "……除外",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "\"Excepted, excluded\": placed after the item that is excluded.",
      "exampleChinese": "展馆全年开放，法定节假日除外。",
      "exampleEnglish": "The hall is open year-round, statutory holidays excepted."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "文言代词\"何/彼/兹\"",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Literary pronouns: 何 \"what/why\", 彼 \"that/the other\", 兹 \"this\" - formal written register.",
      "exampleChinese": "此事该从何说起，他一时语塞。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Where to even begin with this - he was momentarily at a loss."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "代词\"这么着/怎么着\"",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Colloquial pro-forms standing in for a manner or action: \"like this / do what\".",
      "exampleChinese": "你到底想怎么着，痛快点说吧。",
      "exampleEnglish": "What exactly do you want? Out with it."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "数量代词\"若干\"",
      "pattern": "若干+（量词）+名词",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Formal indefinite quantity: \"a certain number of, several\".",
      "exampleChinese": "报告最后提出了若干条建议。",
      "exampleEnglish": "The report closes with a number of recommendations."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "名量词：重、截、缕、码、枚、摊、丸、则、幢、宗",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Advanced nominal classifiers; 枚 counts small objects such as coins, medals, stamps.",
      "exampleChinese": "她在世锦赛上摘得两枚金牌。",
      "exampleEnglish": "She took two gold medals at the world championships."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "动量词\"通\"",
      "pattern": "动词+了+（一）通",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Verbal classifier for a bout of scolding, phoning, drumming, etc.",
      "exampleChinese": "他把儿子狠狠训了一通。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He gave his son a good telling-off."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "复合量词\"人次\"",
      "pattern": "数词+人次",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Compound classifier \"person-times\", counting cumulative visits or uses.",
      "exampleChinese": "该展览累计接待观众逾百万人次。",
      "exampleEnglish": "The exhibition has received over a million visits in total."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "程度副词：尤为、分外、颇、愈加、越发等",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Written-register degree adverbs: 尤为 \"especially\", 颇 \"quite\", 愈加/越发 \"increasingly\".",
      "exampleChinese": "在众多参赛作品中，这一幅尤为出色。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Among the many entries, this one is especially outstanding."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "范围副词：皆、均、唯、统统、一概等",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Formal scope adverbs: 均/皆 \"all without exception\", 唯 \"only\", 一概 \"categorically\".",
      "exampleChinese": "双方均对谈判结果表示满意。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Both sides expressed satisfaction with the outcome of the talks."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "时间副词：届时、尚、随即、历来、一经等",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Formal time adverbs: 届时 \"at that (future) time\", 尚 \"still\", 随即 \"right after\".",
      "exampleChinese": "决赛下月举行，届时强手云集。",
      "exampleEnglish": "The final is next month; strong contenders will gather then."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "频率副词：屡次、屡屡、时而、相继、再度等",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Frequency adverbs of formal register: 屡次/屡屡 \"repeatedly\", 相继 \"one after another\", 再度 \"once again\".",
      "exampleChinese": "他屡次打破全国纪录。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He has repeatedly broken the national record."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "方式副词：毅然、擅自、竭力、骤然、逐一等",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Manner adverbs: 毅然 \"resolutely\", 擅自 \"without authorization\", 竭力 \"with all one’s might\".",
      "exampleChinese": "他放弃高薪，毅然回乡创业。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He gave up a high salary and resolutely went home to start a business."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "否定副词：不见得、绝不、无从、无须、勿",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Negation adverbs: 无从 \"have no way to\", 无须 \"need not\", 勿 \"do not (literary)\".",
      "exampleChinese": "年代久远，传闻已无从考证。",
      "exampleEnglish": "So long ago, the rumor can no longer be verified."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "语气副词：不妨、索性、势必、未免、偏偏等",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Modal adverbs: 索性 \"might as well, simply\", 不妨 \"no harm in\", 势必 \"be bound to\".",
      "exampleChinese": "既然睡不着，他索性起身看书。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Unable to sleep, he simply got up to read."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "语气副词\"何必/何尝/何不/何苦\"",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Rhetorical 何-series adverbs: 何必 \"why bother\", 何尝 \"when ever did\", 何苦 \"why go to the trouble\".",
      "exampleChinese": "都是多年同事，何必斤斤计较？",
      "exampleEnglish": "You are colleagues of many years - why haggle over trifles?"
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "判断副词\"乃\"",
      "pattern": "A乃B",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Literary copular adverb: \"is precisely, is indeed\".",
      "exampleChinese": "失败乃成功之母。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Failure is the mother of success."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "介词\"打\"（引出时间、处所）",
      "pattern": "打+时间/处所",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Colloquial preposition \"from (a time or place)\", equivalent to 从.",
      "exampleChinese": "打这儿往北走，就是老城区。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Head north from here and you reach the old town."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "介词\"当着/就\"（引出对象）",
      "pattern": "当着+人+的面",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "当着 \"in the presence of\"; 就 \"with regard to\" - introduce the target of an act or comment.",
      "exampleChinese": "他当着全组同事的面承认了失误。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He admitted the mistake in front of the whole team."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "介词\"本着/基于/鉴于/经/依\"（引出凭借、依据）",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Formal prepositions of basis: 本着 \"in the spirit of\", 基于/鉴于 \"based on / in view of\", 经 \"through\", 依 \"according to\".",
      "exampleChinese": "基于以上数据，我们得出如下结论。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Based on the data above, we draw the following conclusion."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "连词\"若/倘若\"",
      "pattern": "倘若……，（就）……",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Formal hypothetical conjunctions: \"if, supposing that\".",
      "exampleChinese": "倘若明天下雨，开幕式将改期。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Should it rain tomorrow, the opening ceremony will be rescheduled."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "连词\"免得/以防\"",
      "pattern": "……，免得/以防……",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Preventive conjunctions: \"so as to avoid / to guard against\".",
      "exampleChinese": "出发前再核对一遍名单，免得出错。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Check the list once more before leaving, to avoid mistakes."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "连词\"况且/加之/乃至/且\"",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Additive conjunctions: 况且 \"moreover\", 加之 \"in addition\", 乃至 \"and even\", 且 \"and (literary)\".",
      "exampleChinese": "时间尚早，况且路也不远，不必慌张。",
      "exampleEnglish": "It is still early, and besides, it is not far - no need to panic."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "语气助词\"矣/罢了/也罢\"",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "词类",
      "categoryEnglish": "Word classes",
      "explanation": "Sentence-final particles: literary 矣 marks completion or exclamation; 罢了 \"that is all\"; 也罢 \"so be it\".",
      "exampleChinese": "如今再想补救，为时晚矣。",
      "exampleEnglish": "To try to remedy it now - it is already too late."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "四字格\"爱A不A\"",
      "pattern": "爱A不A",
      "categoryChinese": "短语",
      "categoryEnglish": "Phrases",
      "explanation": "Dismissive verb reduplication: \"do A or not, as you please\".",
      "exampleChinese": "爱信不信，反正我说的都是实话。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Believe it or not - everything I said is the truth."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "四字格\"半A半B/不A不B/非A非B\"",
      "pattern": "半A半B",
      "categoryChinese": "短语",
      "categoryEnglish": "Phrases",
      "explanation": "Four-character frames of mixed or in-between states: 半信半疑, 不慌不忙, 非亲非故.",
      "exampleChinese": "他对这个说法半信半疑。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He half believed and half doubted this claim."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "四字格\"忽A忽B/时A时B/或A或B/可A可B\"",
      "pattern": "忽A忽B",
      "categoryChinese": "短语",
      "categoryEnglish": "Phrases",
      "explanation": "Alternation frames: 忽冷忽热, 时好时坏, 或多或少, 可有可无.",
      "exampleChinese": "近来气温忽高忽低，极易感冒。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Temperatures have swung up and down lately; it is easy to catch cold."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "四字格\"东A西B/七A八B/连A带B/自A自B\"",
      "pattern": "七A八B",
      "categoryChinese": "短语",
      "categoryEnglish": "Phrases",
      "explanation": "Coordination frames of disorder or pairing: 东奔西走, 七嘴八舌, 连滚带爬, 自言自语.",
      "exampleChinese": "会议室里七嘴八舌，久议不决。",
      "exampleEnglish": "The meeting room buzzed with competing voices, and no decision came."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "四字格\"无A不B/无A可B/不A而B\"",
      "pattern": "无A可B",
      "categoryChinese": "短语",
      "categoryEnglish": "Phrases",
      "explanation": "Literary frames: 无微不至, 无家可归, 不劳而获.",
      "exampleChinese": "谈判破裂，双方已无话可说。",
      "exampleEnglish": "With talks collapsed, the two sides had nothing left to say."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "话语标记：综上所述、总而言之、归根到底等",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "短语",
      "categoryEnglish": "Phrases",
      "explanation": "Summing-up discourse markers: \"in summary / all in all / in the final analysis\".",
      "exampleChinese": "综上所述，本方案切实可行。",
      "exampleEnglish": "To sum up, this plan is practical and feasible."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "话语标记：换句话说、话说回来、退一步说等",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "短语",
      "categoryEnglish": "Phrases",
      "explanation": "Reformulating and conceding markers: \"in other words / then again / even granting that\".",
      "exampleChinese": "他没有明确反对，换句话说，尚有余地。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He did not object outright; in other words, there is still room."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "话语标记：老实说、不瞒你说、说真的等",
      "pattern": "",
      "categoryChinese": "短语",
      "categoryEnglish": "Phrases",
      "explanation": "Frankness markers opening a candid remark: \"honestly speaking / to tell the truth\".",
      "exampleChinese": "老实说，这个结果我并不意外。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Honestly, this outcome does not surprise me."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "X到这个地步/份上",
      "pattern": "X到这个地步/份上",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"To such a point\": marks an extreme, usually regrettable degree.",
      "exampleChinese": "事情闹到这个地步，谁也不愿看到。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Nobody wanted things to come to such a pass."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "X得要命/要死",
      "pattern": "形容词/动词+得要命",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "Extreme-degree complement: \"terribly, to death\".",
      "exampleChinese": "三伏天里，机房闷得要命。",
      "exampleEnglish": "In the dog days, the server room is stiflingly hot."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "X都不/没X",
      "pattern": "V都不/没V",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "Verb-copying emphasis: \"without even V-ing\".",
      "exampleChinese": "他看都不看就把文件签了。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He signed the document without so much as a glance."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "X就X个Y",
      "pattern": "X就X个Y",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"If you are going to X, then X thoroughly\": urges doing something wholeheartedly.",
      "exampleChinese": "要干就干个漂亮，别拖泥带水。",
      "exampleEnglish": "If you are going to do it, do it brilliantly - no half measures."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "X了Y，Y了X",
      "pattern": "X了Y，Y了X",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "Cyclic alternation of two verbs: doing one then the other, on and on.",
      "exampleChinese": "假期里他吃了睡，睡了吃。",
      "exampleEnglish": "On holiday he did nothing but eat then sleep, sleep then eat."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "X也好，Y也罢",
      "pattern": "X也好，Y也罢，都……",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"Whether X or Y - either way\": concessive listing of alternatives.",
      "exampleChinese": "同意也好，反对也罢，请说明理由。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Agree or object - either way, please give your reasons."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "别提（有）多+形容词+了",
      "pattern": "别提多+形容词+了",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"Indescribably (adjective)\": exclamatory intensifier.",
      "exampleChinese": "拿到录取通知那天，他别提多高兴了。",
      "exampleEnglish": "The day the admission letter came, he was indescribably happy."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "不亚于……",
      "pattern": "A不亚于B",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"No less than, second to none compared with\".",
      "exampleChinese": "她的中文水平不亚于母语者。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Her Chinese is no worse than a native speaker’s."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "不知X是/才好",
      "pattern": "不知……才好",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"Not know what one should best do/say\": expresses being at a loss.",
      "exampleChinese": "面对众人的夸奖，她不知说什么才好。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Faced with everyone’s praise, she did not know what to say."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "动不动就……",
      "pattern": "动不动就+动词短语",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"At the slightest provocation, apt to\": criticizes over-frequent behavior.",
      "exampleChinese": "他动不动就拿辞职要挟人。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He threatens to resign at the drop of a hat."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "动词+（得）个X",
      "pattern": "动词+（得/了）个+补语",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "V+个+complement: casual emphatic result, e.g. 输了个彻底, 玩个痛快.",
      "exampleChinese": "这场球他们输了个彻底。",
      "exampleEnglish": "They lost that match utterly."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "该X（就）X，该Y（就）Y",
      "pattern": "该X就X，该Y就Y",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"Do X when X is due, do Y when Y is due\": life goes on as it should.",
      "exampleChinese": "该吃吃，该睡睡，别自己吓自己。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Eat when you should, sleep when you should - stop scaring yourself."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "何至于……",
      "pattern": "何至于……",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "Rhetorical \"how could it have come to…\": things need not have gone this far.",
      "exampleChinese": "早些体检，何至于拖成大病？",
      "exampleEnglish": "With earlier checkups, how could it have become so serious?"
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "仅次于X",
      "pattern": "A仅次于B",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"Second only to\".",
      "exampleChinese": "该市经济总量仅次于省会。",
      "exampleEnglish": "The city’s economic output is second only to the provincial capital’s."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "看在X的面子上",
      "pattern": "看在……的面子上",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"For the sake of, out of consideration for (someone’s face)\".",
      "exampleChinese": "看在老同学的面子上，这次就算了。",
      "exampleEnglish": "For an old classmate’s sake, let it go this once."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "有/没什么+动词+头儿",
      "pattern": "有/没什么+V+头儿",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "V+头儿 \"worth of V-ing\": whether something is worth doing.",
      "exampleChinese": "剧情老套，这部剧没什么看头儿。",
      "exampleEnglish": "With such a clichéd plot, this show is hardly worth watching."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "没什么好+动词+的",
      "pattern": "没什么好+V+的",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"There is nothing worth V-ing about\": dismisses the need for an action.",
      "exampleChinese": "事实摆在眼前，没什么好争的。",
      "exampleEnglish": "The facts are plain - there is nothing to argue about."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "莫过于……",
      "pattern": "……莫过于……",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"Nothing surpasses; the greatest … is\".",
      "exampleChinese": "人生至乐，莫过于家人平安团聚。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Life’s greatest joy is nothing other than family safe and reunited."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "你说你一个X，……",
      "pattern": "你说你一个X，……",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "Reproachful opener: \"you, of all people - a X - how could you…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "你说你一个大人，怎么跟孩子计较？",
      "exampleEnglish": "You, a grown-up - how can you bicker with a child?"
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "什么A的B的",
      "pattern": "什么A的B的",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "Loose enumeration \"things like A and B and so on\".",
      "exampleChinese": "什么吃的用的，母亲都备齐了。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Food, daily necessities and the like - mother prepared it all."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "视……而定",
      "pattern": "视……而定",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"To be decided depending on…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "是否延期，视天气情况而定。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Whether to postpone depends on the weather."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "谈何……",
      "pattern": "谈何+双音节词",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "Rhetorical \"how can one even speak of…\": far easier said than done.",
      "exampleChinese": "资金短缺，扩大生产谈何容易。",
      "exampleEnglish": "With funds short, expanding production is easier said than done."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "无非/不过/只是……罢了/而已",
      "pattern": "无非……罢了/而已",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"Nothing more than… that is all\": downplays significance.",
      "exampleChinese": "他这样说，无非是想安慰你罢了。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He said that merely to comfort you, nothing more."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "想X之所想，急X之所急",
      "pattern": "想X之所想，急X之所急",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"Think what X thinks, feel the urgency X feels\": total devotion to someone’s needs.",
      "exampleChinese": "企业要想用户之所想，急用户之所急。",
      "exampleEnglish": "A business must think what users think and feel their urgencies."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "向……致以……",
      "pattern": "向……致以……",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "Formal formula for extending greetings, thanks or respects.",
      "exampleChinese": "谨向全体医护人员致以崇高的敬意。",
      "exampleEnglish": "We extend our highest respects to all medical workers."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "要X有/没X，要Y有/没Y",
      "pattern": "要X有X，要Y有Y",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"Has X when you want X, Y when you want Y\": everything (or nothing) one could ask.",
      "exampleChinese": "这地方要山有山，要水有水。",
      "exampleEnglish": "This place has mountains if you want them, and water too."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "因……而……",
      "pattern": "因……而……",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "Formal cause frame: \"because of…, therefore…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "航班因大雾而延误。",
      "exampleEnglish": "The flight was delayed on account of heavy fog."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "有何X",
      "pattern": "有何+名词",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "Formal interrogative \"what … is there\": 有何看法/意见/深意.",
      "exampleChinese": "此举有何深意，外界众说纷纭。",
      "exampleEnglish": "What deeper meaning this move carries, opinions vary widely."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "（在）……之余",
      "pattern": "（在）……之余",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "\"In the time left over from…; beyond (doing)…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "工作之余，他坚持写作。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Outside of work, he keeps up his writing."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "值此……之际，……",
      "pattern": "值此……之际，……",
      "categoryChinese": "固定格式",
      "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions",
      "explanation": "Ceremonial opener: \"on the occasion of…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "值此建校百年之际，谨致贺忱。",
      "exampleEnglish": "On the centenary of the school’s founding, we offer congratulations."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "比较句\"A+形容词+于/过+B\"",
      "pattern": "A+形容词+于/过+B",
      "categoryChinese": "特殊句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Literary comparison with 于/过 after the adjective: 高于, 强过.",
      "exampleChinese": "今年的销量明显高于去年。",
      "exampleEnglish": "This year’s sales are clearly higher than last year’s."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "一来……，二来……（，三来……）",
      "pattern": "一来……，二来……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Parallel listing of reasons: \"for one thing…, for another…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "他搬家一来图上班近，二来图环境好。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He moved partly for the short commute, partly for the environment."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "一则……，二则……（，三则……）",
      "pattern": "一则……，二则……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Formal enumeration of reasons: \"firstly…, secondly…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "项目搁浅，一则预算有限，二则人手不足。",
      "exampleEnglish": "The project stalled: first, the budget was tight; second, staff were short."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "所谓……，就是……",
      "pattern": "所谓……，就是……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Expository definition: \"what is called X is precisely Y\".",
      "exampleChinese": "所谓终身学习，就是把学习变成习惯。",
      "exampleEnglish": "So-called lifelong learning means making learning a habit."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "或……，或……",
      "pattern": "或……，或……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Literary alternative listing: \"either… or…; now… now…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "周末他或读书，或爬山，从不虚度。",
      "exampleEnglish": "On weekends he reads or hikes, never idling."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "宁可/宁愿……，也不……",
      "pattern": "宁可……，也不……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Preference by sacrifice: \"would rather… than…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "他宁可通宵加班，也不敷衍了事。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He would rather work all night than do a slapdash job."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "与其……，宁愿/宁可……",
      "pattern": "与其……，宁可……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Comparative preference: \"rather than…, one would prefer to…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "与其坐等机会，宁可主动出击。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Rather than wait for chances, better to take the initiative."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "X（倒）是X（了），……",
      "pattern": "X倒是X（了），……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Concessive echo: \"X it may be, but…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "东西好倒是好，就是价格偏高。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Good it certainly is - only the price is on the high side."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "别看……，……",
      "pattern": "别看……，……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "\"Never mind that…; despite appearances…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "别看他年纪小，主意却不少。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Never mind his age - he is full of ideas."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "虽说……，但/可……",
      "pattern": "虽说……，但/可……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Colloquial-formal concession: \"though admittedly…, yet…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "虽说条件艰苦，但大家干劲十足。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Though conditions are hard, everyone is full of drive."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "无论……与否，都……",
      "pattern": "无论……与否，都……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Unconditional with 与否 \"whether or not\".",
      "exampleChinese": "无论成功与否，这次尝试都值得。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Successful or not, the attempt is worthwhile."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "凡……（者），均（可）……",
      "pattern": "凡……者，均（可）……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Formal universal condition: \"whoever/whatever…, all…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "凡年满十八周岁者，均可报名。",
      "exampleEnglish": "All who have reached eighteen may register."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "假若/假使……，……",
      "pattern": "假若……，……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Literary hypothesis: \"if, supposing\".",
      "exampleChinese": "假若当初听劝，何至于此？",
      "exampleEnglish": "Had he heeded the advice back then, would it have come to this?"
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "幸亏/幸好……，不然/否则……",
      "pattern": "幸亏……，不然/否则……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "\"Luckily…, otherwise…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "幸亏出门早，不然就误了高铁。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Luckily we left early, or we would have missed the train."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "纵然/纵使……，也……",
      "pattern": "纵然……，也……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Literary concession: \"even if…, still…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "纵然困难重重，我们也绝不言弃。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Even with difficulties piled high, we will never speak of giving up."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "（因）……，故……",
      "pattern": "（因）……，故……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Literary cause-effect with 故 \"therefore\".",
      "exampleChinese": "因证据不足，故本案暂缓审理。",
      "exampleEnglish": "As evidence is insufficient, the case is therefore postponed."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "……，以至（于）……",
      "pattern": "……，以至（于）……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Result reaching an extreme: \"to the point that\".",
      "exampleChinese": "他专心于实验，以至忘了吃饭。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He was so absorbed in the experiment that he forgot to eat."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "别说……，都/也……",
      "pattern": "别说……，都/也……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Escalation: \"to say nothing of…, even…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "别说熬夜了，他连晚饭都顾不上吃。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Never mind staying up late - he cannot even manage dinner."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "……不说，还……",
      "pattern": "……不说，还……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Piling on: \"not to mention…, on top of that…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "这款手机贵不说，还特别费电。",
      "exampleEnglish": "This phone is expensive, and on top of that it drains the battery."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "（连……都……，）更不用说……了",
      "pattern": "连……都……，更不用说……了",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "\"Even X…, let alone Y\": a fortiori escalation.",
      "exampleChinese": "他连方言都能听懂，更不用说普通话了。",
      "exampleEnglish": "He understands even dialects, let alone Mandarin."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "……尚且……，（更）何况……",
      "pattern": "……尚且……，（更）何况……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "\"Even… is the case, how much more so…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "专家尚且难下结论，何况外行呢？",
      "exampleEnglish": "Even experts struggle to conclude - how much more so laypeople?"
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "为（了）……起见，……",
      "pattern": "为……起见，……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Purpose formula: \"for the sake of…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "为安全起见，请系好安全带。",
      "exampleEnglish": "For safety’s sake, please fasten your seat belt."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "……，以……",
      "pattern": "……，以+动词短语",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Formal purpose clause introduced by 以 \"so as to\".",
      "exampleChinese": "公司优化了流程，以提高生产效率。",
      "exampleEnglish": "The company streamlined its processes so as to raise efficiency."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "非得……才……",
      "pattern": "非得……才……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Condensed necessity: \"only if… will…; it takes… before…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "这台设备非得专业人员才能维修。",
      "exampleEnglish": "Only a professional can repair this piece of equipment."
    },
    {
      "level": 7,
      "point": "任……也……",
      "pattern": "任……也……",
      "categoryChinese": "句型",
      "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns",
      "explanation": "Condensed concession: \"no matter how…, still…\".",
      "exampleChinese": "任大家怎么劝，他也不肯松口。",
      "exampleEnglish": "No matter how everyone urged, he would not budge."
    }
  ]
}