{ "name": "HSK 3 grammar syllabus", "source": "The official HSK 3.0 考试大纲, published November 2025.", "compiledBy": "Gushi — https://gushi-chinese.online/", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "attribution": "HSK 3 grammar syllabus by Gushi (https://gushi-chinese.online/hsk-3.0/grammar/3), CC BY-SA 4.0", "page": "https://gushi-chinese.online/hsk-3.0/grammar/3", "sources": { "lists": "The word, character and grammar lists: the official HSK 3.0 考试大纲, published November 2025. Facts out of a published document.", "meanings": "The English meanings: adapted from CC-CEDICT (https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=cc-cedict), CC BY-SA 4.0. This is why this data is share-alike.", "examples": "The example sentences: largely from the Tatoeba Project (https://tatoeba.org), CC BY 2.0 FR, plus sentences written for Gushi.", "compilation": "The selection, the pinyin, the tone numbers, the sense ordering and the checking: Gushi." }, "audioNote": "Free to play from gushi-chinese.online. NOT covered by this licence: the recordings are synthesised speech and are not ours to relicense as a corpus.", "updated": "2026-08-31", "kind": "grammar", "level": 3, "count": 59, "fields": { "level": "HSK 3.0 level, 1 to 9.", "point": "The grammar point as the syllabus names it.", "pattern": "The pattern the syllabus prints beside the point, where it prints one.", "categoryChinese": "The syllabus category, in Chinese.", "categoryEnglish": "The same category in English.", "explanation": "What the point does, in one sentence.", "exampleChinese": "Example sentence in simplified Chinese.", "exampleEnglish": "The example sentence in English." }, "data": [ { "level": 3, "point": "前缀“老-”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "Prefix 老- before a surname forms a familiar way to address someone.", "exampleChinese": "老王是我爸爸的老朋友。", "exampleEnglish": "Lao Wang is an old friend of my father." }, { "level": 3, "point": "后缀“-员／-家／-子”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "Suffixes like -员 form nouns for people with a role or job.", "exampleChinese": "她是饭店的服务员。", "exampleEnglish": "She is a waitress at the restaurant." }, { "level": 3, "point": "能愿动词“应该”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "应该 expresses what should or ought to be done.", "exampleChinese": "你应该早点儿睡觉。", "exampleEnglish": "You should go to bed earlier." }, { "level": 3, "point": "离合词", "pattern": "洗澡 → 洗（个）澡", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Separable verbs like 洗澡 can split to take 了, 个 or other material in the middle.", "exampleChinese": "他每天晚上都洗澡。", "exampleEnglish": "He takes a shower every evening." }, { "level": 3, "point": "疑问代词的任指用法", "pattern": "疑问代词＋都／也……", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Question words + 都/也 mean “any / every”: 什么都, 谁都.", "exampleChinese": "他什么都想学。", "exampleEnglish": "He wants to learn everything." }, { "level": 3, "point": "人称代词“咱们”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "咱们 means “we”, always including the listener.", "exampleChinese": "咱们一起去吃饭吧。", "exampleEnglish": "Let us go eat together." }, { "level": 3, "point": "指示代词“别的／其他”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "别的 means “other / something else”.", "exampleChinese": "我不要别的，就要这个。", "exampleEnglish": "I do not want anything else, just this one." }, { "level": 3, "point": "量词重叠与数量重叠", "pattern": "个个／一个一个", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Reduplicated measure words mean “every one”; 一M一M means “one by one”.", "exampleChinese": "他们个个都很高兴。", "exampleEnglish": "Every one of them is very happy." }, { "level": 3, "point": "动量词“遍”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Verbal measure word 遍 counts complete run-throughs of an action.", "exampleChinese": "请你再说一遍。", "exampleEnglish": "Please say it one more time." }, { "level": 3, "point": "程度副词“更”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "更 means “even more”, raising the degree in a comparison.", "exampleChinese": "今天比昨天更冷。", "exampleEnglish": "Today is even colder than yesterday." }, { "level": 3, "point": "范围副词“一共”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "一共 means “altogether, in total”.", "exampleChinese": "我们班一共有二十人。", "exampleEnglish": "Our class has twenty people in total." }, { "level": 3, "point": "时间副词“才”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "才 marks that something happens later than expected: “not until”.", "exampleChinese": "他十点才起床。", "exampleEnglish": "He did not get up until ten o'clock." }, { "level": 3, "point": "频率副词“总是”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "总是 means “always”.", "exampleChinese": "他总是第一个到学校。", "exampleEnglish": "He is always the first to arrive at school." }, { "level": 3, "point": "情态副词“一定”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "一定 means “definitely, must”.", "exampleChinese": "明天我一定来。", "exampleEnglish": "I will definitely come tomorrow." }, { "level": 3, "point": "语气副词“终于”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "终于 means “finally, at last” after a long wait or effort.", "exampleChinese": "我们终于到北京了。", "exampleEnglish": "We finally arrived in Beijing." }, { "level": 3, "point": "否定副词“不用／不必”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "不用 means “no need to”.", "exampleChinese": "你不用担心我。", "exampleEnglish": "You do not need to worry about me." }, { "level": 3, "point": "介词“关于”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "关于 introduces the topic “about, concerning”.", "exampleChinese": "这是一本关于中国的书。", "exampleEnglish": "This is a book about China." }, { "level": 3, "point": "介词“根据”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "根据 means “according to, based on”.", "exampleChinese": "请根据要求写句子。", "exampleEnglish": "Please write sentences according to the requirements." }, { "level": 3, "point": "介词“为了”与目的复句", "pattern": "为了……，……", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "为了 introduces the purpose “in order to, for the sake of”.", "exampleChinese": "为了健康，他每天跑步。", "exampleEnglish": "For his health, he runs every day." }, { "level": 3, "point": "连词“或者”与选择复句", "pattern": "或者……，或者……", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "或者 gives alternatives in statements: “or / either… or…”.", "exampleChinese": "你喝茶或者咖啡？", "exampleEnglish": "Will you drink tea or coffee?" }, { "level": 3, "point": "助词“的话”", "pattern": "……的话，就……", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "的话 after a clause marks “if…”, often paired with 就.", "exampleChinese": "你有时间的话，就来我家玩。", "exampleEnglish": "If you have time, come to my place." }, { "level": 3, "point": "四字格“不A不B”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "不A不B with opposite words means “neither too A nor too B, just right”.", "exampleChinese": "这件衣服不大不小。", "exampleEnglish": "This piece of clothing is neither too big nor too small." }, { "level": 3, "point": "越来越……", "pattern": "越来越＋形容词", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "越来越 means “more and more” over time.", "exampleChinese": "天气越来越热了。", "exampleEnglish": "The weather is getting hotter and hotter." }, { "level": 3, "point": "看起来／看上去／在……看来", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "看起来 means “it seems / looks like”; 在……看来 gives a point of view.", "exampleChinese": "你今天看起来很累。", "exampleEnglish": "You look very tired today." }, { "level": 3, "point": "对……来说／一般来说", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "对……来说 means “as far as… is concerned”; 一般来说 means “generally speaking”.", "exampleChinese": "对我来说，汉字最难。", "exampleEnglish": "For me, Chinese characters are the hardest." }, { "level": 3, "point": "除了……（以外），还／也／都……", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "除了 means “besides / except”, often with 还, 也 or 都.", "exampleChinese": "除了汉语，他还会英语。", "exampleEnglish": "Besides Chinese, he also speaks English." }, { "level": 3, "point": "从……起", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "从……起 means “starting from (a time)”.", "exampleChinese": "从明天起，我要早点儿起床。", "exampleEnglish": "Starting tomorrow, I will get up earlier." }, { "level": 3, "point": "一……也／都＋不／没……", "pattern": "一＋量词＋也／都＋不／没……", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "一…也/都 + negation means “not even one / not at all”.", "exampleChinese": "他一句话也没说。", "exampleEnglish": "He did not say a single word." }, { "level": 3, "point": "越……越……", "pattern": "越A越B", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "越…越… means “the more…, the more…”.", "exampleChinese": "雨越下越大了。", "exampleEnglish": "The rain is falling harder and harder." }, { "level": 3, "point": "（在）……以前／以后", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "以前/以后 after a phrase mean “before / after …”.", "exampleChinese": "下课以后我们去打球。", "exampleEnglish": "After class we will go play ball." }, { "level": 3, "point": "该……了", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "该…了 means “it is time to…”.", "exampleChinese": "十点了，该睡觉了。", "exampleEnglish": "It is ten o'clock; time to sleep." }, { "level": 3, "point": "在……上／下／中", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "在…下 frames a condition, e.g. “with the help of…”.", "exampleChinese": "在老师的帮助下，成绩提高了。", "exampleEnglish": "With the teacher's help, my grades improved." }, { "level": 3, "point": "X什么（啊）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Verb + 什么（啊） dismisses an action: “what are you …-ing for?”.", "exampleChinese": "哭什么啊，没事了。", "exampleEnglish": "What are you crying for? It is all right now." }, { "level": 3, "point": "结果补语“到／住／走／上”", "pattern": "动词＋到／住／走／上", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "Result complements like 到 mark that the action reached its result.", "exampleChinese": "我找到手机了。", "exampleEnglish": "I found my phone." }, { "level": 3, "point": "趋向补语的引申用法", "pattern": "动词＋起来／下去／下来", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "Directional complements extend to meanings like starting (起来) or continuing (下去).", "exampleChinese": "大家都笑了起来。", "exampleEnglish": "Everyone started laughing." }, { "level": 3, "point": "可能补语1", "pattern": "动词＋得／不＋动词／形容词", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "V + 得/不 + complement says whether a result can be achieved.", "exampleChinese": "黑板上的字你看得清楚吗？", "exampleEnglish": "Can you see the characters on the blackboard clearly?" }, { "level": 3, "point": "程度补语“极了／得很”", "pattern": "形容词＋极了", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "极了 after an adjective means “extremely”.", "exampleChinese": "今天天气热极了。", "exampleEnglish": "The weather today is extremely hot." }, { "level": 3, "point": "数量补语（时间间隔）", "pattern": "动词＋时段＋了", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "A duration after the verb + 了 marks time elapsed since an event.", "exampleChinese": "他离开北京三年了。", "exampleEnglish": "It has been three years since he left Beijing." }, { "level": 3, "point": "“怎样＋动词”的特指问句", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "句类", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence types", "explanation": "怎样 + verb asks “how” something is done.", "exampleChinese": "这个字怎样读？", "exampleEnglish": "How is this character read?" }, { "level": 3, "point": "反问句“不是……吗？”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "句类", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence types", "explanation": "Rhetorical 不是…吗 emphasizes something the listener should know.", "exampleChinese": "你不是去过北京吗？", "exampleEnglish": "Have you not been to Beijing before?" }, { "level": 3, "point": "“把”字句1", "pattern": "主语＋把＋宾语＋动词＋其他成分", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "The 把 sentence moves the object before the verb to show what is done to it.", "exampleChinese": "请你把门关上。", "exampleEnglish": "Please close the door." }, { "level": 3, "point": "被动句1", "pattern": "主语＋被（＋宾语）＋动词＋其他成分", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "The 被 sentence marks the subject as affected by an action.", "exampleChinese": "我的蛋糕被弟弟吃了。", "exampleEnglish": "My cake was eaten by my younger brother." }, { "level": 3, "point": "连动句“着”", "pattern": "动词1＋着＋动词2", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "V1着V2 shows the first action accompanying the second.", "exampleChinese": "他笑着回答问题。", "exampleEnglish": "He answered the question with a smile." }, { "level": 3, "point": "比较句2", "pattern": "A＋比＋B＋更／还＋形容词", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "比 compares two things, with 更/还, 不比, or a measured difference.", "exampleChinese": "他比我更喜欢运动。", "exampleEnglish": "He likes sports even more than I do." }, { "level": 3, "point": "跟……一样", "pattern": "A＋跟＋B＋一样（＋形容词）", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "跟…一样 says two things are the same (optionally in some quality).", "exampleChinese": "我的书包跟你的一样。", "exampleEnglish": "My schoolbag is the same as yours." }, { "level": 3, "point": "存现句3", "pattern": "处所词＋动词＋补语＋了＋数量＋人／物", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Existential sentences report someone or something appearing or disappearing at a place.", "exampleChinese": "我们班来了一个新同学。", "exampleEnglish": "A new classmate came to our class." }, { "level": 3, "point": "“是……的”句2", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "是…的 here emphasizes the speaker's view or attitude.", "exampleChinese": "放心吧，他是会来的。", "exampleEnglish": "Do not worry; he will definitely come." }, { "level": 3, "point": "重动句", "pattern": "主语＋动词＋宾语＋动词＋补语", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "The verb is repeated after its object so a complement can follow.", "exampleChinese": "他说汉语说得很好。", "exampleEnglish": "He speaks Chinese very well." }, { "level": 3, "point": "承接复句", "pattern": "先……，再／然后……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "先…然后/再… orders actions in sequence.", "exampleChinese": "我们先吃饭，然后看电影。", "exampleEnglish": "We will eat first and then watch a movie." }, { "level": 3, "point": "并列复句“一会儿……，一会儿……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "一会儿…一会儿… marks quick alternation between actions or states.", "exampleChinese": "天气一会儿冷，一会儿热。", "exampleEnglish": "The weather is cold one moment and hot the next." }, { "level": 3, "point": "并列复句“又……，又……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "又…又… joins two qualities or actions that hold at once.", "exampleChinese": "这个西瓜又大又甜。", "exampleEnglish": "This watermelon is both big and sweet." }, { "level": 3, "point": "并列复句“一边……，一边……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "一边…一边… marks two actions done at the same time.", "exampleChinese": "他一边走路，一边听音乐。", "exampleEnglish": "He listens to music while walking." }, { "level": 3, "point": "递进复句", "pattern": "不但……，而且……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "不但…而且… means “not only… but also…”.", "exampleChinese": "他不但会开车，而且开得很好。", "exampleEnglish": "He can not only drive but drives very well." }, { "level": 3, "point": "转折复句", "pattern": "虽然……，可是……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "虽然…可是… means “although…, but…”.", "exampleChinese": "虽然下雨了，可是他还是来了。", "exampleEnglish": "Although it rained, he still came." }, { "level": 3, "point": "假设复句", "pattern": "如果……，就……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "如果…就… means “if…, then…”.", "exampleChinese": "如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬山。", "exampleEnglish": "If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go hiking." }, { "level": 3, "point": "条件复句“只有……，才……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "只有…才… states a necessary condition: “only if…”.", "exampleChinese": "只有多练习，才能学好汉语。", "exampleEnglish": "Only by practicing a lot can you learn Chinese well." }, { "level": 3, "point": "条件复句“只要……，就……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "只要…就… states a sufficient condition: “as long as…”.", "exampleChinese": "只要努力，成绩就会提高。", "exampleEnglish": "As long as you work hard, your grades will improve." }, { "level": 3, "point": "紧缩复句", "pattern": "……了……（就）……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Compressed clauses: as soon as one action finishes, the next follows with 就.", "exampleChinese": "他下了课就回家。", "exampleEnglish": "He goes home as soon as class is over." }, { "level": 3, "point": "概数表达法2", "pattern": "大概＋数量／相邻数词连用", "categoryChinese": "特殊表达法", "categoryEnglish": "Special ways of saying things", "explanation": "大概 or two adjacent numbers express an approximate amount.", "exampleChinese": "教室里大概有三十个人。", "exampleEnglish": "There are about thirty people in the classroom." } ] }