{ "name": "HSK 2 grammar syllabus", "source": "The official HSK 3.0 考试大纲, published November 2025.", "compiledBy": "Gushi — https://gushi-chinese.online/", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "attribution": "HSK 2 grammar syllabus by Gushi (https://gushi-chinese.online/hsk-3.0/grammar/2), CC BY-SA 4.0", "page": "https://gushi-chinese.online/hsk-3.0/grammar/2", "sources": { "lists": "The word, character and grammar lists: the official HSK 3.0 考试大纲, published November 2025. Facts out of a published document.", "meanings": "The English meanings: adapted from CC-CEDICT (https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=cc-cedict), CC BY-SA 4.0. This is why this data is share-alike.", "examples": "The example sentences: largely from the Tatoeba Project (https://tatoeba.org), CC BY 2.0 FR, plus sentences written for Gushi.", "compilation": "The selection, the pinyin, the tone numbers, the sense ordering and the checking: Gushi." }, "audioNote": "Free to play from gushi-chinese.online. NOT covered by this licence: the recordings are synthesised speech and are not ours to relicense as a corpus.", "updated": "2026-08-31", "kind": "grammar", "level": 2, "count": 48, "fields": { "level": "HSK 3.0 level, 1 to 9.", "point": "The grammar point as the syllabus names it.", "pattern": "The pattern the syllabus prints beside the point, where it prints one.", "categoryChinese": "The syllabus category, in Chinese.", "categoryEnglish": "The same category in English.", "explanation": "What the point does, in one sentence.", "exampleChinese": "Example sentence in simplified Chinese.", "exampleEnglish": "The example sentence in English." }, "data": [ { "level": 2, "point": "后缀“-面”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "The suffix -面 attaches to direction words to form location words: 上面, 里面, 外面.", "exampleChinese": "书在桌子上面。", "exampleEnglish": "The book is on the table." }, { "level": 2, "point": "方位名词（左、右）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The locality nouns 左 “left” and 右 “right” combine with 边/面 to give directions.", "exampleChinese": "医院在商店的左边。", "exampleEnglish": "The hospital is to the left of the store." }, { "level": 2, "point": "动词重叠", "pattern": "AA／A一A／A了A／ABAB", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Reduplicating a verb (看看, 看一看) makes the action brief, casual, or tentative.", "exampleChinese": "我可以看看吗？", "exampleEnglish": "May I take a look?" }, { "level": 2, "point": "能愿动词“可能”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The modal verb 可能 expresses possibility: “might / maybe”.", "exampleChinese": "他可能生病了。", "exampleEnglish": "He might be sick." }, { "level": 2, "point": "离合词（帮忙、游泳、跳舞、跑步）", "pattern": "游泳 → 游（半个小时的）泳", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "More separable verbs: activity words like 游泳 and 跑步 behave as verb+object compounds, and split when you say how long or how often.", "exampleChinese": "我会游泳。", "exampleEnglish": "I can swim." }, { "level": 2, "point": "疑问代词“为什么”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "为什么 asks for the reason: “why?”.", "exampleChinese": "你为什么不吃饭？", "exampleEnglish": "Why aren’t you eating?" }, { "level": 2, "point": "人称代词“自己”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "自己 “oneself” reflects back on the subject or emphasizes doing something personally.", "exampleChinese": "这是我自己做的菜。", "exampleEnglish": "This is a dish I made myself." }, { "level": 2, "point": "指示代词（这么、那么、这样、那样、每）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "这么/那么 before an adjective mean “so / this …”, pointing at degree or manner.", "exampleChinese": "今天怎么这么热？", "exampleEnglish": "Why is it so hot today?" }, { "level": 2, "point": "形容词重叠", "pattern": "AA／AABB", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Reduplicated adjectives (好好, 高高兴兴) intensify and vivify the description.", "exampleChinese": "你好好休息吧。", "exampleEnglish": "Have a good rest." }, { "level": 2, "point": "数词（万、好多、多）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "万 counts ten-thousands; Chinese numbers group by 万, not by thousand.", "exampleChinese": "这个电脑一万块钱。", "exampleEnglish": "This computer costs ten thousand yuan." }, { "level": 2, "point": "名量词（条、位、间、名；包）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "More measure words: 条 for long thin things and animals, 位 politely for people, 间 for rooms.", "exampleChinese": "我买了一条鱼。", "exampleEnglish": "I bought a fish." }, { "level": 2, "point": "动量词“次”", "pattern": "动词＋数词＋次", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The verbal measure word 次 counts how many times an action happens.", "exampleChinese": "我去过一次北京。", "exampleEnglish": "I have been to Beijing once." }, { "level": 2, "point": "程度副词（多、好、最）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The degree adverb 最 marks the superlative: “the most”.", "exampleChinese": "我最喜欢吃苹果。", "exampleEnglish": "I like eating apples the most." }, { "level": 2, "point": "范围副词“一起”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The adverb 一起 before the verb means doing something together.", "exampleChinese": "我们一起去吃饭吧。", "exampleEnglish": "Let’s go eat together." }, { "level": 2, "point": "时间副词（已经、还、有时候、快、正）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Time adverbs like 已经 “already” stand before the verb, often with sentence-final 了.", "exampleChinese": "他已经走了。", "exampleEnglish": "He has already left." }, { "level": 2, "point": "频率副词“常、经常”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The adverb 经常 before the verb means “often / frequently”.", "exampleChinese": "我经常去游泳。", "exampleEnglish": "I often go swimming." }, { "level": 2, "point": "否定副词“别”", "pattern": "别＋动词（＋了）", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "别 before a verb tells someone not to do something: “don’t”.", "exampleChinese": "上课别说话。", "exampleEnglish": "Don’t talk in class." }, { "level": 2, "point": "关联副词“就”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The adverb 就 links two actions in quick sequence: as soon as one happens, the next follows.", "exampleChinese": "你到了就给我打电话。", "exampleEnglish": "Call me as soon as you arrive." }, { "level": 2, "point": "介词“从”", "pattern": "从＋时间/处所", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The preposition 从 marks the starting point in time or space: “from”.", "exampleChinese": "他从中国来。", "exampleEnglish": "He comes from China." }, { "level": 2, "point": "介词“往”", "pattern": "往＋方向＋动词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The preposition 往 marks the direction of movement: “toward”.", "exampleChinese": "请往前走。", "exampleEnglish": "Please go forward." }, { "level": 2, "point": "介词“给”", "pattern": "给＋对象＋动词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The preposition 给 introduces the beneficiary or recipient of an action: “for / to”.", "exampleChinese": "我晚上给你打电话。", "exampleEnglish": "I will call you this evening." }, { "level": 2, "point": "介词“跟”", "pattern": "跟＋对象＋动词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The preposition 跟 introduces the person one does something with or learns from.", "exampleChinese": "明天我跟妈妈去买东西。", "exampleEnglish": "Tomorrow I am going shopping with Mom." }, { "level": 2, "point": "连词“那”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The conjunction 那 “then / in that case” draws a conclusion from what was just said.", "exampleChinese": "你不去，那我自己去。", "exampleEnglish": "If you are not going, then I will go myself." }, { "level": 2, "point": "结构助词“得”（状态补语）", "pattern": "动词＋得＋形容词性短语", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "得 after a verb links a complement describing how the action is done.", "exampleChinese": "他跑得很快。", "exampleEnglish": "He runs very fast." }, { "level": 2, "point": "结构助词“地”", "pattern": "形容词＋地＋动词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "地 links an adjective to the verb it modifies, forming an adverbial: 高兴地说.", "exampleChinese": "孩子们高兴地唱歌。", "exampleEnglish": "The children sing happily." }, { "level": 2, "point": "动态助词“过”", "pattern": "动词＋过", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The aspect particle 过 after a verb marks past experience: “have (ever) done”.", "exampleChinese": "我去过中国。", "exampleEnglish": "I have been to China." }, { "level": 2, "point": "动态助词“着”", "pattern": "动词＋着", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The aspect particle 着 after a verb marks an ongoing state or continuing action.", "exampleChinese": "门开着呢。", "exampleEnglish": "The door is open." }, { "level": 2, "point": "语气助词“啊”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Sentence-final 啊 adds exclamation, agreement, or urging to the sentence.", "exampleChinese": "今天天气真好啊！", "exampleEnglish": "The weather is so nice today!" }, { "level": 2, "point": "固定短语“什么的”", "pattern": "……、……什么的", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "什么的 after a list means “and so on / and such”.", "exampleChinese": "我买了苹果、茶什么的。", "exampleEnglish": "I bought apples, tea, and so on." }, { "level": 2, "point": "还是……吧", "pattern": "还是＋……＋吧", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "还是……吧 proposes the better alternative after weighing options: “we’d better…”.", "exampleChinese": "太晚了，我们还是回家吧。", "exampleEnglish": "It is too late - we had better go home." }, { "level": 2, "point": "要/快要/就要……了", "pattern": "要/快要/就要＋动词＋了", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "The frame 要……了 (also 快要/就要……了) marks something about to happen.", "exampleChinese": "火车就要开了。", "exampleEnglish": "The train is about to leave." }, { "level": 2, "point": "都……了", "pattern": "都＋……＋了", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "The frame 都……了 stresses that a point has already been reached: “it’s already…”.", "exampleChinese": "都十点了，你怎么还在睡觉？", "exampleEnglish": "It is already ten - why are you still sleeping?" }, { "level": 2, "point": "结果补语1", "pattern": "动词＋错/懂/好/会/完", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "A result complement right after the verb states the outcome: 完 “finished”, 错 “wrongly”, 懂 “understood”.", "exampleChinese": "我吃完饭了。", "exampleEnglish": "I have finished eating." }, { "level": 2, "point": "趋向补语1", "pattern": "动词＋来/去", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "Directional complements 来/去 (and 进来, 回来…) after a verb show movement toward or away from the speaker.", "exampleChinese": "你快进来吧。", "exampleEnglish": "Come on in." }, { "level": 2, "point": "数量补语2（时量）", "pattern": "动词＋了＋时段", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "A duration complement after the verb states how long the action lasts.", "exampleChinese": "我睡了八个小时。", "exampleEnglish": "I slept for eight hours." }, { "level": 2, "point": "主谓句4：主谓谓语句", "pattern": "主语＋[主语＋谓语]", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "A subject-predicate phrase itself serves as the predicate: 我身体很好 “my health is good”.", "exampleChinese": "我身体很好。", "exampleEnglish": "My health is very good." }, { "level": 2, "point": "选择问句“还是”", "pattern": "A＋还是＋B？", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "还是 joins two alternatives in a choice question: “A or B?”.", "exampleChinese": "你喝茶还是喝咖啡？", "exampleEnglish": "Do you want tea or coffee?" }, { "level": 2, "point": "“是”字句2（说明或特征）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "是 links the subject to a description or characteristic, often with a 的-phrase.", "exampleChinese": "这件衣服是红的。", "exampleEnglish": "This piece of clothing is red." }, { "level": 2, "point": "“有”字句2（达到）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "有 before a quantity or comparison states that an amount or degree is reached.", "exampleChinese": "从我家到学校有二十分钟。", "exampleEnglish": "It takes a good twenty minutes from my home to school." }, { "level": 2, "point": "存现句2", "pattern": "处所＋动词＋着（＋数量短语）＋名词", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "An existence sentence with verb+着: a place comes first, then what is there in that state.", "exampleChinese": "椅子上坐着一个人。", "exampleEnglish": "A person is sitting on the chair." }, { "level": 2, "point": "比较句1", "pattern": "A＋比＋B＋形容词", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "比 compares two things: A is more … than B; a measure of difference can follow.", "exampleChinese": "他比我高。", "exampleEnglish": "He is taller than me." }, { "level": 2, "point": "“是……的”句1", "pattern": "是＋时间/地点/方式＋动词＋的", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "The 是……的 frame highlights the time, place, manner, or agent of a past action.", "exampleChinese": "你是什么时候来的？", "exampleEnglish": "When was it that you came?" }, { "level": 2, "point": "兼语句1", "pattern": "主语＋请/叫/让＋宾语1＋动词（＋宾语2）", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "A pivotal sentence: the object of 请/叫/让 is also the subject of the following verb.", "exampleChinese": "我想请你吃饭。", "exampleEnglish": "I would like to invite you to a meal." }, { "level": 2, "point": "双宾语句2", "pattern": "主语＋动词＋给＋宾语1＋宾语2", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Verbs like 送 and 带 combine with 给 before the recipient and the thing given.", "exampleChinese": "他送给我一本书。", "exampleEnglish": "He gave me a book as a gift." }, { "level": 2, "point": "紧缩复句“一……就……”", "pattern": "一＋动词1＋就＋动词2", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "The frame 一…就… means “as soon as A happens, B happens”.", "exampleChinese": "我一到家就给你打电话。", "exampleEnglish": "I will call you as soon as I get home." }, { "level": 2, "point": "转折复句“虽然……但是……”", "pattern": "虽然……，但是……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "虽然…但是… links two clauses with a contrast: “although… , but…”.", "exampleChinese": "虽然很贵，但是我很喜欢。", "exampleEnglish": "Although it is expensive, I like it very much." }, { "level": 2, "point": "因果复句“因为……所以……”", "pattern": "因为……，所以……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "因为…所以… links cause and result: “because… , therefore…”.", "exampleChinese": "因为下雨，所以我没去跑步。", "exampleEnglish": "Because it rained, I did not go running." }, { "level": 2, "point": "概数表达法1", "pattern": "数词＋多＋量词", "categoryChinese": "特殊表达法", "categoryEnglish": "Special ways of saying things", "explanation": "Approximate numbers use 几 or add 多 after the numeral: 十多个 “ten-odd”.", "exampleChinese": "我买了十多个苹果。", "exampleEnglish": "I bought more than ten apples." } ] }